Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the involuntary leakage of urine during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercise. It commonly results from weakened pelvic floor muscles or urethral sphincter deficiency, often associated with childbirth, aging, or hormonal changes. Management includes lifestyle modifications, pelvic floor muscle training (Kegel exercises), medications in select cases, and surgical options like sling procedures for severe symptoms.

Cosmetic gynaecology treatments focus on enhancing the aesthetic appearance and functional aspects of the female genitalia. These include procedures such as labiaplasty, vaginal tightening (vaginoplasty), and non-surgical options like laser therapy or radiofrequency treatments. While some interventions address functional concerns like laxity or mild incontinence, others are purely aesthetic. It is important that patients receive proper counselling regarding risks, benefits, and realistic expectations before undergoing such procedures.